Cause+and+Effect

=**Cause and Effect **=

by: Jessica Aragon


Let's start with some basic facts....
 * A **cause** is something that makes something else happen. Out of two events, it is the event that happens first. To determine the cause, ask the question //"Why Did it Happen?"//
 * An **effect** is what happens as a result of the cause. Of two related events, it’s the one that happens second or last. To determine the effect, ask the question //"What Happened?//
 * A Cause & Effect Graphic Organizer is a useful tool that can help students arrange their thoughts as to //what// happened and //why it happened.//
 * Cause & Effect Graphic Organizers can be completed with words or pictures, depending on the ability of the student.
 * Cause & Effect Graphic Organizers can not only be incorporated into a Language Arts lesson, but also Science, Social Studies, and Math across all grade levels.


 * Here are some examples of simple cause/effect relationships:**
 * ** CAUSE ** || **EFFECT** ||
 * The boy kicked the ball. || The ball rolled. ||
 * The girl teased the cat. || The cat growled. ||
 * Sally studied hard for a test. || Sally earned an A on her test. ||
 * Joe became really tired. || Joe went to sleep early. ||

 **Here are some general guidelines for introducing cause and effect into discussions:** []
 * 1) __Always ask why__. (Why did the fish in the classroom aquarium die? What are the causes and effects of bullying in schools?)
 * 2) __Have students find research or texts to justify their position.__ ("How do you know? What is your evidence?")
 * 3) __Make lists of possible causes of events__, and then try to determine which are more likely, or important, than others.
 * 4) __Encourage students to consider multiple consequences__. What consequences does the behavior of a character in a story have on the lives of other characters?
 * 5) __Use graphic organizers, such as cause-and-effect chains,__ [|flow charts] __, and feedback loops, to help students think about complex cause-and-effect relationships.__
 * 6) __Help students develop the vocabulary of cause and effect__. Teach power words such as //consequence//, //consequently//, //influence//, and //as a result//.
 * 7) __Connect students' understanding of cause-and-effect relationships to their writing__. Point out that writers use the language of cause and effect to inform, to persuade, and to provide their readers with an understanding of order. Help students describe cause-and-effect relationships in their writing. Encourage them to use [|graphic organizers] to illustrate their ideas.

__**Connecting words**__ are used to link together the cause and effect.They can also be called 'clue words'. The connections words that need to be explained in the lesson are: //because, so, consequently, therefore, due to the fact, since, as a result, the reason for, thus, nevertheless //

__**Literature**__ Cause and Effect Lessons can be incorporated with age appropriate narrative texts such as __If You Give A Mouse A Cookie__ by Laura Joffe Numeroff and __Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day__ by Judith Viorst, both of which are based on cause and effect relationships.

- Two columns - One Cause, Several Effects - Several Causes, One Effect - Chain of Events - Cycle of Events
 * __Cause and Effect Graphic Organizers can be represented in many formats__ **

__[]__ [] [] [] [] []
 * __TEACHER RESOURCES & WORKSHEETS__**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">@http://www.quia.com/mc/94601.html <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.quia.com/mc/20632.html
 * //__*If there is a computer available for the lesson, these matching games are helpful for students to practice__.//**

__**Example Worksheets**__

__**The Video explaining Cause/Effect**__ media type="custom" key="7954220"